Key Social Norms Takeaways Radio-based edutainment can effectively initiate reflection and dialogue around inequitable gender norms among very young adolescents by creating shared spaces for intergenerational discussion. Social norms are shaped not only by individual beliefs but also by family and community interactions; thus, engaging both adolescents and parents is critical. The study emphasizes that early adolescence is a key window for influencing norms, and that mass media can catalyze norm change by normalizing conversations on previously taboo topics like gender roles and SRH.

Objectives This study aimed to assess perceptions of a radio-based intervention (STaRS program) designed to deliver gender and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information to young adolescents (10–14 years) in an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya.

Methods A qualitative post-intervention study design was used, involving in-depth interviews with 20 adolescents and 17 parents, as well as the radio presenter and manager. Data were collected using semi-structured interview guides and analyzed through inductive thematic analysis. Social norms were examined indirectly through participants’ reflections on gender roles, parent–child communication, and community attitudes, rather than through standardized quantitative scales.

Intervention Details The intervention consisted of a seven-session weekly radio program (one hour per session) combining skits, expert discussions, and interactive call-in segments. As shown in the intervention design diagram on page 5, the program was developed through formative research and community dialogue, ensuring contextual relevance. Topics included gender equality, adolescence, SRH, parent–child communication, peer relationships, and empowerment. The program used participatory edutainment and engaged both adolescents and their parents to foster discussion and reflection.

Results Participants reported increased SRH knowledge, improved awareness of gender norms, and greater willingness to discuss sensitive topics. The program facilitated reductions in stigma around SRH conversations and challenged traditional gender roles (e.g., rigid divisions of labor). Improved parent–child communication and stronger relationships were widely reported. Participants also noted increased self-reflection on gender attitudes and behaviors, as well as greater community engagement in discussing adolescent health issues.

Conclusions The study concludes that radio programming is an acceptable, low-cost, and scalable approach to addressing gender norms and SRH among young adolescents. It is particularly effective in fostering dialogue and shifting perceptions at both individual and community levels. However, sustained social norms change requires broader ecosystem engagement and continued exposure, as well as careful design to ensure messages resonate across diverse audiences.