Adolescents’ agency in negotiating social norms governing sexual and reproductive health services among the Nyasa people of Rural Tanzania
Key Social Norms Take-aways: Adolescents are not passive recipients of restrictive social and gender norms but actively navigate them through strategies of reproduction, resistance, and negotiation. Social norms—particularly stigma adolescent sexuality, gendered expectations, and fear of community judgement—strongly constrain access to sexual and reproductive health services (SRHS). However, adolescents exercise agency through covert service use, […]
‘Our options are limited, so we get married:’ girls, early marriage and health risks in rural Zimbabwe
Key Social Norms Take-aways: Social norms—particularly heteropatriarchal gender norms, religious doctrines, and stigma surrounding unmarried girls—play a central role in driving early marriage, often outweighing perceived health risks. Norms linking girls’ value to sexual purity, marriageability, and obedience to male authority figures create a “risk environment” where social exclusion is feared more than health consequences, […]
The Weight of Expectations: Child Marriage Through the Lens of the Socio-Health Dissonance Model (SHDM) in Ghana
Key Social Norms Take-aways: Social norms—particularly those tied to parental prestige, community expectations, and authority of traditional leaders—strongly sustain child marriage in rural Ghana. These norms create pressure to conform to early marriage as a marker of respectability and social status, even when individuals are aware of its harms. The Socio-Health Dissonance Model (SHDM) highlights […]
Multigenerational attitudes to gender norms on intimate partner violence and the sexual and reproductive health of young people in Nigeria
Key Social Norms Take-aways: Social norms around intimate partner violence (IPV) appear to be strongly entrenched and transmitted across generations, with little variation in attitudes, suggesting persistent normalization of harmful beliefs. In contrast, norms related to sexuality and reproductive health are more dynamic, with younger generations showing more egalitarian attitudes, likely due to increased access […]
Tackling the Triple Threat in Kenya: Factors Associated with Protection against HIV Risk, Gender-Based Violence, and Pregnancy among Adolescent Girls and Young Women
Key Social Norms Take-aways: Gender norms—specifically gender-equitable attitudes—play a central protective role in reducing multiple risks faced by adolescent girls and young women (AGYW), including intimate partner violence and adolescent pregnancy. When combined with supportive relational norms (parental monitoring) and structural conditions (food security), these factors act synergistically as “development accelerators,” highlighting that shifting norms […]
Generational trends in education and marriage norms in rural India: evidence from the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study
Key Social Norms Take-aways: Social norms around education and marriage in rural India are shifting unevenly across generations: while education norms have changed substantially, marriage norms remain more resistant. Adolescents express aspirations for greater autonomy and later marriage for their children, but entrenched gender norms, intergenerational power dynamics, and the influence of senior household members […]
Balancing pragmatism, norms and power relations: a qualitative study among post-abortion intrauterine device users in central Uganda
Key Social Norms Take-aways: Social norms around gender roles, fertility expectations, and male dominance in reproductive decision-making both constrain and shape women’s contraceptive use; however, women actively navigate and resist these norms through strategies such as asserting bodily autonomy, relying on pragmatic and economic reasoning, and using contraception covertly. Compassionate counselling can help shift perceived […]
Experiences of childhood violence and violence perpetration and the association with inequitable gender norms and violence justification in humanitarian settings in Uganda
Key Social Norms Take-aways: Inequitable gender norms and the justification of intimate partner violence (IPV) are both widespread and strongly linked to experiences of childhood violence and, to a lesser extent, violence perpetration among youth in humanitarian settings. The study highlights that social norms learned early in life—particularly those normalizing male dominance and violence—reinforce cycles […]
Teenage Pregnancy and Adolescents’ Attitudes Toward Marriage and Pregnancy: Primary Data Analysis in Akatsi North, Ghana
Key Social Norms Take-aways: Social norms—particularly peer pressure, gender norms, and stigma around sexual and reproductive health—play a central role in shaping adolescents’ attitudes and behaviors related to marriage and pregnancy. Peer norms strongly influence earlier desired timing of marriage and childbirth, while more gender-equitable norms (e.g., valuing girls’ education) are associated with delaying these […]
A Social-Ecological Model to Explore Multi-Faceted Drivers of Child Marriage: An Iterative Qualitative Study in Southern Bangladesh
Key Social Norms Take-aways: Child marriage in southern Bangladesh is sustained by deeply entrenched and interconnected social norms—particularly those linking family honor to girls’ sexuality, expectations of female purity and obedience, and beliefs about girls’ limited social and economic roles. These norms constrain girls’ agency, justify parental control, and normalize early marriage as a protective […]