Key Social Norms Take-aways The endline evaluation of the Masculinité, Famille et Foi (MFF) intervention confirms that social norms—particularly those embedded in religious teachings—strongly influence gender roles, family planning (FP) use, and intimate partner violence (IPV). The intervention effectively challenged harmful gender norms by engaging faith leaders and couples in critical reflection, leading to shifts in perceptions and behaviors. However, the transformation of patriarchal norms is an ongoing process. Social norms related to male dominance and control over reproductive decisions remain persistent in some contexts, underscoring the need for sustained, faith-anchored, community-led engagement.

Objectives The study aimed to assess the impact of the MFF intervention on attitudes, norms, and behaviors related to FP, gender roles, and IPV among newly married couples and first-time parents in Protestant congregations in Kinshasa, DRC.

Methods A mixed-methods, experimental two-group pretest/post-test design was used across 17 congregations (8 intervention and 9 comparison). Data collection included longitudinal couple surveys, diffusion surveys, and in-depth interviews. Social norms were assessed using measures of injunctive norms (perceived approval by others) and descriptive norms (perceptions of common behavior), focusing on themes of gender equality, FP, and IPV.

Intervention Details The MFF intervention is a gender-transformative, faith-based program implemented over two years. It involves participatory workshops with faith leaders, community dialogues with newly married couples and first-time parents, and congregation-wide diffusion activities led by trained gender champions. Core themes include gender equity, positive masculinities, non-violence, and FP access and decision-making. The intervention also provides linkages to FP services and a supportive service environment.

Results The intervention group showed statistically significant improvements in FP use, communication between couples, joint decision-making, and reduced acceptance of IPV. Participants reported greater involvement of men in FP discussions and household roles. Gender-equitable attitudes increased, particularly among those directly engaged in MFF activities. However, some mixed messaging persisted from religious leaders, and male dominance in decision-making remained prevalent in some congregations.

Conclusions MFF demonstrates strong potential for shifting harmful gender and reproductive health norms in faith settings. Deep engagement of faith leaders and peer-led dialogues contributed to positive change, though long-standing patriarchal norms remain a barrier. Future programming should prioritize reinforcing consistent messaging, expanding male engagement, and supporting community-level diffusion to sustain long-term norm transformation.