Peer network influence on intimate partner violence perpetration among urban Tanzanian men
Outcomes: Gender‑Based Violence
View SourceKey Social Norms Take-aways Peer networks significantly influence men’s attitudes and behaviors around intimate partner violence (IPV) in urban Tanzania. Men internalize or conform to group norms that reinforce traditional gender roles and male dominance. These norms are rarely challenged within peer groups and sometimes actively enforced. Effective IPV prevention must address peer group dynamics, engage influential members, and promote more equitable concepts of masculinity and relationships. Objectives: This study explored how peer networks influence IPV perpetration among men in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. It investigated whether peer influence or self-selection explained the similarity in gender norms and IPV behaviors within groups, and what mechanisms drive that influence. Methods: Researchers conducted 40 in-depth interviews with 20 men enrolled in the control group of a larger cluster-randomized trial on HIV and IPV prevention. All participants had previously reported IPV perpetration. Interviews explored camp membership, peer influence, and attitudes toward women and violence. Data were thematically coded and analyzed to identify mechanisms of influence. Intervention Details: Although the broader trial tested a microfinance and health leadership intervention, this qualitative study included only control group participants and focused on peer dynamics, not intervention outcomes. Results: Men joined peer groups (called “camps”) for practical reasons, not because of shared beliefs. Over time, peer influence shaped their behavior in three key ways: (1) internalizing norms through advice, discussion, and observation; (2) conforming due to peer pressure; and (3) direct peer involvement in maintaining relationship power dynamics. Peers encouraged violence or discouraged women from reporting abuse. Though some men noted societal changes, traditional gender norms remained dominant. Few examples of peers discouraging IPV were shared, and most influence reinforced harmful norms. Conclusions: Men’s IPV behaviors are strongly shaped by peer norms and pressures. Preventing IPV requires addressing these group dynamics through gender-transformative approaches. Programs should focus on shifting group-level norms, correcting misperceptions, and engaging influential members to promote non-violent, equitable relationships.
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